Studio Anne Holtrop, Amsterdam/Bahrain

Cross-pollination between disciplines and cultures informs the work of this self-starting architect.

**Batara**

Its name taken from the Arabic word for “hewn,” Batara is an outdoor pavilion within an arboretum, one of many works collected by Wageningen University in the Netherlands since the 1970s. Holtrop calls it a “material gesture” whose free form emerged from pouring concrete within the existing contours of the ground. The walls have a soft, smooth inner side and a rough outer skin. “Normally, you construct, build up, assemble,” Holtrop says. “Batara is the opposite. Its form appears from the act of taking away.”

*Photo © Bas Princen*

**Bahrain Pavilion**

The winning entry of an invited competition, the Bahrain Pavilion for the Milan Expo 2015 takes as its blueprint an abstract drawing of arcs and straight lines. “I wanted to work with a more geometrical pattern,” Holtrop explains. “Bahrain has a very ancient civilization; temples from that time are built of very different-sized blocks and arches.” The final composition features 350 unique concrete elements that separate indoor and outdoor spaces. The structure, including gardens, will be transported to Bahrain as a permanent museum.

*Photo © Iwan Baan*

**Museum Fort Vechten**

Built in the center of one of more than 40 19th-century forts in the Netherlands, this museum welcomes visitors to a once-inaccessible area, teaching them about the history of the former defensive point. The 20,000-square-foot, below-grade structure features a 230-foot-long poured-concrete wall.

*Photo © Bas Princen*

**Temporary Museum**

For this 500-square-foot, temporary exhibition space in Heemskerk, west of Amsterdam, Holtrop invited several artists to show their work. The project, built in 2010 and open for two months, was a spatial investigation made of plywood. The form of the sinuous structure developed from hundreds of inkblot drawings that Holtrop created.

*Photo © Bas Princen*

**Bahrain SAH Bahrain Pavilion**

*Photo © Iwan Baan*

**Temporary Museum Lake Temporary Museum**

*Photo © Bas Princen*

The 38-year-old Dutchman Anne Holtrop talks about his work with an artist’s sensibility, extracting form from existing, or completely random, conditions. He counts among his influences more artists than architects, and his first works were temporary structures, each within a museum context. That blurred line between art and architecture is one that Holtrop has been straddling his entire life.

As a child, Holtrop dreamed of going to art school, but his father encouraged him to pursue architecture instead. After completing four years at a technical school—where he “learned to construct things and calculate structures,” he says—he enrolled in the Academy of Architecture in Amsterdam. Though well-known in the Netherlands, the school doesn’t have quite the international reputation of the nearby Berlage Institute. “It was a very Dutch environment,” Holtrop recalls. Tutors included OMA partner Reinier de Graaf and the leader of the Dutch structuralist movement, Herman Hertzberger. Yet today, according to Holtrop, people are surprised to learn he is from the Netherlands when they see his architecture. “This makes me happy, because my work is a very personal investigation.”

During his studies, Holtrop worked at several Dutch firms, including Claus en Kaan Architecten, and completed a research project with de Graaf. But upon graduation, he took a job as an assistant to artist Krijn de Koning. Influenced by an earlier generation of conceptual artists like Christo and Jeanne-Claude and Daniel Buren, whose large-scale pieces interact with the landscape or built environment, de Koning makes site-specific works that are part architecture and part sculpture.

“For me, the work of those artists is very architectural with respect to size and location,” Holtrop says. But unlike architects, they don’t necessarily begin projects in response to a commission. “That helped me to start my own practice, convincing me to take a more autonomous position rather than waiting for an assignment from a client.”

Holtrop relied on grant money instead of the resources of a client to build his first architectural projects. The Trail House and the Temporary Museum were sinuous plywood structures, the form of the first inspired by the existing contours of the landscape, the latter derived from inkblot drawings. “Those were spatial investigations, and the material was not important at all,” admits Holtrop. “Plywood is a cheap material that made it possible to build all those curves.”

Those early temporary works gave way to substantial projects for Holtrop’s small but global practice, including the competition-winning Museum Fort Vechten in Bunnik, the Netherlands, and the Bahrain Pavilion for the Milan Expo 2015—each one, says the architect, an “appropriation of form.” According to Holtrop, the design for these concrete structures did not change at all from the initial concept. “What I proposed in the museum competition, we completely made, with no concession,” he says. “I’m sure I could not have done these buildings in this way if I had not done the other works.”

The Bahrain Pavilion, which is being transported to Bahrain itself as a permanent museum and botanical garden, has led to other projects in the small Middle Eastern nation, where Holtrop now lives with his wife. With offices in both Amsterdam and Bahrain, he continues to approach his work—including a residential project in Spain—as an artist. “What I’m interested in is how architecture can appear, not from a problem-solving perspective but my own point of view.”

Studio Anne Holtrop

FOUNDED: 2009

DESIGN STAFF: 6 (3 in Amsterdam; 3 in Muharraq, Bahrain)

PRINCIPAL: Anne Holtrop

EDUCATION: HTS Utrecht, B.S. Building Engineering, 1999; Academy for Architecture, Amsterdam, M.Arch. 2005

WORK HISTORY: Krijn de Koning, 2005–09

KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: Museum Fort Vechten, Bunnik, the Netherlands; National Pavilion of the Kingdom of Bahrain, Expo Milan, 2015; Batara, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2013; Temporary Museum, Heemskerk, the Netherlands, 2010; Trail House, Museum De Paviljoens, Almere, the Netherlands, 2009

KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Relocation of the National Pavilion of Bahrain, Muharraq, Bahrain, 2016; Qaysariya Suq, Muharraq, 2016; Conversion of the former king’s house to a museum, Muharraq, 2016

www.anneholtrop.nl

Josephine Minutillo is editor in chief of Architectural Record. Trained as an architect, she began writing for RECORD in 2001 while practicing architecture, and has held several positions at the magazine over the past two decades. Her articles have appeared in many international publications. She has been an invited critic at Washington University in St. Louis, The Cooper Union, Columbia GSAPP, Pratt Institute, The City College of New York, and Yale University.
Instagram: @josephineminutillo_